Exploiting kinetics and thermodynamics to grow phase-pure complex oxides by molecular-beam epitaxy under continuous codeposition

Eva H. Smith, ⇤ Jon F. Ihlefeld, Colin A. Heikes, † Hanjong Paik, Yuefeng Nie, ‡ Carolina Adamo, Tassilo Heeg, Zi-Kui Liu, and Darrell G. Schlom 6, § Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Heeg Vacuum Engineering, Kerpen, Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA (Dated: June 23, 2017)